Labor market and productivity in the era of artificial intelligence
AI, especially generative models, Move automation to cognitive tasks, affecting qualified profiles that previously seemed less vulnerable. This disruption does not yet imply a massive destruction of employment, but rather a transition marked by functional recomposition and reassignment to less automatable occupations.
The article highlights the coexistence of two forces: the substitution effect, which reduces human tasks, and the complementarity effect, which expands capabilities and improves efficiency.
At the macroeconomic level, AI promises boost productivity and potential GDP, with international estimates that point to cumulative increases of up to 1.1 percentage points over five years.
But the authors warn that these profits will not be evenly distributed: the concentration of profits in companies and territories with greater technological capacity can widen wage and territorial inequalities, generating social tensions and risks to democratic cohesion.
In short, AI is not just an efficiency tool, but a structural change which requires inclusive policies and training strategies to turn it into an engine of sustained growth and social cohesion.
An analysis of José Manuel Amor, Camila Figueroa, Marina Garcia and María Romero.
